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\lhead{PCz, Biotechnology, Plant In Vitro Cultures 2024}
\rhead{Group I}
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\title{\textbf{Practical 2}\\ Establishment of axenic culture of plants as explant source for \textit{in vitro} experiments}
\author{A. Gorbelak}
\date{}

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\section*{Objectives}
\begin{longenum}
    \item To learn methods of plant material sterilisation.
    \item To gain experience in the establishment and maintenance of sterile cultures of seedlings and plants.
    \item To establish a sterile culture of \textit{Arabidopsis thaliana} and \textit{Nicotiana sp.} plants used as an explant source in Practicals 3, 7, and 8.
\end{longenum}

\section*{Introduction}
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    \item To avoid the process of plant material sterilisation, sterile cultures of plants growing in \textit{in vitro} conditions are recommended as a source of explants.
    \item When seedling fragments are used as explants, seeds can be sterilised.
    \item Seeds can be germinated \textit{in vitro}, providing a sterile seedling culture.
    \item When explants are taken from mature plant tissue, donor plants are typically not maintained in sterile culture.
    \item In such cases, sterilisation is necessary.
    \item An exception includes species from the \textit{Solanaceae} family (e.g., tomato, tobacco).
    \item These plants are easily maintained in \textit{in vitro} culture through propagation by "cuttings."
    \item These cuttings are grown on MS10 agar medium.
    \item Plants from germinated \textit{in vitro} seeds of the \textit{Solanaceae} family can be propagated by cuttings.
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